Rating of perceived exertion and velocity loss as variables for controlling the level of effort in the bench press exercise.

There is a growing interest in the analysis of different methods for monitor fatigue during resistance training sessions. This study aimed to (1) analyse the relationships between the percentage of performed repetitions with respect to the maximum possible number (%REP), RPE and magnitude of velocity loss (VL), and (2) examine whether a multiple regression analysis with the RPE and VL as predictor variables could improve the goodness of fit to predict %REP in the bench press exercise performed in a Smith machine. Seven men performed a repetition maximum test, on 3 separate testing sessions, against 3 different absolute loads based on a target mean velocity (MV) according to an individual load-velocity profile (≈1.00, ≈0.70, and ≈0.50 m/s). MV, VL, %REP and RPE were collected and used for analysis. Based upon quadratic polynomial regression analysis strong relationships were reported between the RPE and %REP (r2 = 0.89 and SEE = 9.85%) and between the VL and %REP (r2 = 0.91 and SEE = 9.85%). Multiple regression analysis with the RPE and VL as predictor variables improved the goodness of fit (r2 = 0.94 and SEE = 7.18%) of the model to predict %REP. These results suggest that both RPE and VL are useful variables to accurately estimate %REP in the bench press exercise.

Validity of a novel inertial measurement unit to track barbell velocity / Validación de un nuevo sensor inercial para medir la velocidad de ejecución

The objective of this work is to analyze the reliability and validity of the new inertial measurement unit (IMU) PUSHTM Band2.0 to measure barbell velocity. Six healthy males (24.83±3.71years; 69.88±8.36kg; 175.92±4.5cm) participated in this studyand performed several sets on the bench press. Barbell concentric mean (MV) and peak (PV) velocity were recorded witha LT and the IMU. Pearson correlation coefficient shows a very high relationship for MV (r = 0.97; SEE: 0.08 m/s; 95%CI: 0.95-0.98; p< 0.001) and PV (r = 0.97; SEE: 0.13 m/s; 95%CI: 0.96-0.98; p< 0.001). There was a very high agreement for the values ofMV and PV (MV: ICC = 0.945, CI = 0.834–0.974, α = 0.981; PV: ICC = 0.926, CI = 0.708–0.969, α = 0.977). Paired sample t-testrevealed systematic bias for MV (p< 0.001; mean difference between instruments = 0.06 ± 0.09 m/s) and PV (p< 0.001; meandifference between instruments = 0.15 ± 0.18 m/s). Bland-Altman plots showed almost trivial and moderate relationships forMV (r2 = 0.1) and PV (r2 = 0.37). In conclusion, the PUSHTM Band 2.0 was proven to be a valid alternative for measuring barbellvelocity in the bench press.(AU)

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la fiabilidad y validez de la nueva unidad de medición inercial (IMU) PUSHTM Band 2.0para medir la velocidad de la barra. Seis hombres sanos (24.83 ± 3.71 años; 69.88 ± 8.36 kg; 175.92 ± 4.5 cm) participaron eneste estudio y realizaron varias series en el press de banca. La velocidad concéntrica de barra (MV) y la velocidad pico (PV)se registraron con un LT y la IMU. El coeficiente de correlación de Pearson muestra una relación muy alta para MV (r = 0.97;SEE: 0.08 m/s; IC 95%: 0.95-0.98; p <0.001) y PV (r = 0.97; SEE: 0.13 m/s; 95% IC: 0,96-0,98; p <0,001). Hubo un acuerdo muyalto para los valores de MV y PV (MV: ICC = 0.945, CI = 0.834–0.974, α = 0.981; PV: ICC = 0.926, CI = 0.708–0.969, α = 0.977). Laprueba t de muestras relacionadas reveló un sesgo sistemático para MV (p <0.001; diferencia media entre instrumentos = 0.06± 0.09 m/s) y PV (p <0.001; diferencia media entre instrumentos = 0.15 ± 0.18 m/s). Las gráficas de Bland-Altman mostraronrelaciones casi triviales y moderadas para VM (r2 = 0.1) y VP (r2 = 0.37). En conclusión, se demostró que PUSHTM Band 2.0 esuna alternativa válida para medir la velocidad de la barra en el press de banca.(AU)

Repetitions in reserve vs. maximum effort resistance training programs in youth female athletes.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to analyze and compare the effects of two different resistance training programs. METHODS: Fourteen under-17 youth female basketball players were randomly assigned to repetitions in reserve (RIR, N.=7) or maximum effort (RM, N.=7) resistance training programs. The programs consisted of 3-4 sets of 4 exercises x 7-10 repetitions with 2 min of passive recovery between sets and exercises, twice a week for a period of 8 weeks. The RIR group was instructed to perform the exercises with 3 repetitions remaining (rate of perceived exertion [RPE] =7). The physical assessment included jumping, agility, and sprinting tests. Moreover, the maximum strength (one maximum-repetition [1-RM]) and muscle power output at 60% 1RM were assessed for back-squat and bench-press exercises. RESULTS: The within-group analysis showed improvements in all tests for both groups (RIR=1.3-43.9%; RM=1.3-17.2%). Between-group analyses showed a significant interaction effect (group x time) on 1-RM bench-press (F=8.07, P<0.05, η2p=0.40), favoring RIR group. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports for the first time that the use of RIR-based RPE resistance training protocol promotes improvements in high-intensity actions (sprinting, jumping, and cutting), muscle power output, and maximum strength, particularly in youth athletes. Considering the advantages of non-failure training, RIR training may be a suitable in-season training strategy. However, more studies are needed to confirm whether the training-induced benefits of this novel training strategy are significantly better as compared to other approaches.

Control de la pérdida de velocidad a través dela escala de esfuerzo percibido en press de banca / Control of the velocity loss through the scale of perceived effort in bench press

Controlar las variables de entrenamiento es vital para garantizar las adaptaciones deseadas en el entrenamiento de fuerza, siendo la intensidad especialmente importante para mejorar la fuerza máxima y el RFD. La velocidad de ejecución ha resultado ser la mejor variable para monitorizar la intensidad del entrenamiento de fuerza, en particular las pérdidas de velocidad relacionadas con la fatiga. Sin embargo, existen impedimentos materiales para poder utilizar esta variable. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la relación entre el RPE y las pérdidas de velocidad como alternativa para controlar el entrenamiento. Se midió a 5 sujetos (4 hombres y 1 mujer) pertenecientes a la selección española de lucha libre olímpica un total de 15 series de press de banca (3 series/sujeto), de las cuales solo 14 se incluyeron en el análisis estadístico por incumplir una de ellas el protocolo, con 3 cargas relativas distintas (5 series/carga) y una pérdida de velocidad entre 20%-32%. Las variables dependientes fueron: RPE, la pérdida de velocidad, el número de repeticiones realizadas en cada serie y velocidad de la mejor repetición de cada serie. Se analizaron las correlaciones entre las variables RPE-pérdida de velocidad; RPE-número de repeticiones; RPE-velocidad mejor repetición, obteniéndose solamente correlación significativa (r Pearson 0,843; P < 0,001) entre el RPE y la pérdida de velocidad; la correlaciones entre el RPE-número de repeticiones y RPE-velocidad mejor repetición no mostraron significación estadística. Estos resultados podrían indicar la posibilidad de gestionar la fatiga y la intensidad del entrenamiento utilizando la relación RPE-pérdida de velocidad, aunque es necesario llevar a cabo estudios similares con tamaños muestrales mayores que refuercen los resultados obtenidos en este estudio

Controlling the training variables is vital to ensure the desired adaptations in resistance training; intensity is the most important variable to improve maximum strength and rate of force development (RFD). The movement velocity has shown to be the best variable to monitor the intensity of resistance training, in particular the velocity loss related to fatigue. However, there are material impediments to use this variable. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between RPE and velocity losses as an alternative to control training. Sample included 5 subjects (4 men and 1 woman) from the Spanish Olympic Wrestling team who performed a total of 15 sets of bench press (3 set/subject), of which only 14 were included in the statistical analysis for breaching one of them the protocol, with 3 different relative loads (5 set/load) and a velocity loss between 20%-32%. The dependent variables were: RPE, the velocity loss, the number of repetitions performed in each set and the velocity of the best repetition of each set. The correlations between the RPE-velocity loss; RPE-number of repetitions; and RPE-velocity best repetition variables were analyzed, obtaining only significant correlation (r Pearson 0.843, P < 0.001) between the RPE and the velocity loss; correlations between RPE-number of repetitions; and RPE-velocity best repetition did not show statistical significance . The results of the present work could indicate the possibility of managing fatigue and controlling training intensity using the RPE-velocity loss relationship, although it is necessary to carry out similar studies with larger sample sizes that reinforce the results of this study